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Brazil
- Capital: Brasília
- Monetary unit: Real
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Brazil covers nearly half of South America and is the continent's largest nation. - It extends 2,965 mi (4,772 km) north-south, 2,691 mi (4,331 km) east-west, and borders every nation on the continent except Chile and Ecuador.
- Brazil may be divided into the Brazilian Highlands, or plateau
- In the south and the Amazon River Basin in the north.
- Over a third of Brazil is drained by the Amazon and its more than 200 tributaries.
- The Amazon is navigable for ocean steamers to Iquitos, Peru, 2,300 mi (3,700 km) upstream.
- Southern Brazil is drained by the Plata system—the Paraguay, Uruguay, and Paraná rivers.
Egypt
- Capital and largest city : Cairo,
- Monetary unit: Egyptian pound
- Egypt's economic performance has been strong in recent years
- Egypt, at the northeast corner of Africa on the Mediterranean Sea
- Bordered on the west by Libya, on the south by the Sudan, and on the east by the Red Sea and Israel.
- It is nearly one and one-half times the size of Texas.
- Egypt is divided into two unequal, extremely arid regions by the landscape's dominant feature, the northward-flowing Nile River.
- The Nile starts 100 mi (161 km) south of the Mediterranean and fans out to a sea front of 155 mi between the cities of Alexandria and Port Said.
Morocco
- Capital: Rabat,
- Monetary unit: Dirham
- Morocco, about one-tenth larger than California.
- Lies across the Strait of Gibraltar on the Mediterranean and looks out on the Atlantic from the northwest shoulder of Africa.
- Algeria is to the east and Mauritania to the south.
- On the Atlantic coast there is a fertile plain.
- The Mediterranean coast is mountainous.
- The Atlas Mountains, running northeastward from the south to the Algerian frontier, average 11,000 ft (3,353 m) in elevation.
Spain
- Capital: Madrid
- Monetary unit: Euro
- Spain occupies 85% of the Iberian Peninsula, which it shares with Portugal, in southwest Europe.
- Africa is less than 10 mi (16 km) south at the Strait of Gibraltar.
- A broad central plateau slopes to the south and east, crossed by a series of mountain ranges and river valleys.
- Principal rivers are the Ebro in the northeast, the Tajo in the central region, and the Guadalquivir in the south.
- Off Spain's east coast in the Mediterranean are the Balearic Islands (1,936 sq mi; 5,014 sq km)
- The largest of which is Majorca.
- Sixty mi (97 km) west of Africa are the Canary Islands (2,808 sq mi; 7,273 sq km).
Turkey
- Capital: Ankara
- Monetary unit: Turkish lira
- Turkey is at the northeast end of the Mediterranean Sea in southeast Europe and southwest Asia.
- To the north is the Black Sea and to the west is the Aegean Sea.
- It's neighbors are Greece and Bulgaria to the west, Russia, Ukraine, and Romania to the north and northwest (through the Black Sea), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east, and Syria and Iraq to the south.
- The Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus divide the country.
- Turkey in Europe comprises an area about equal to the state of Massachusetts.
- Turkey in Asia is about the size of Texas. Its center is a treeless plateau rimmed by mountains.
United Arab Emirates
- Capital: Abu Dhabi
- Monetary unit: U.A.E. Dirham
- The United Arab Emirates, in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula, extends along part of the Gulf of Oman and the southern coast of the Persian Gulf.
- The nation is the size of Maine.
- It's neighbors are Saudi Arabia to the west and south, Qatar to the north, and Oman to the east. Most of the land is barren and sandy.
UK
- Capital: London
- Monetary unit: Pound sterling
- The United Kingdom, consisting of Great Britain (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) .
- Twice the size of New York State.
- England, in the southeast part of the British Isles, is separated from Scotland on the north by the granite Cheviot Hills; from them the Pennine chain of uplands extends south through the center of England, reaching its highest point in the Lake District in the northwest.
- To the west along the border of Wales—a land of steep hills and valleys—are the Cambrian Mountains, while the Cotswolds, a range of hills in Gloucestershire, extend into the surrounding shires.
- Important rivers flowing into the North Sea are the Thames, Humber, Tees, and Tyne. In the west are the Severn and Wye, which empty into the Bristol Channel and are navigable, as are the Mersey and Ribble.

USA
- Capital: Washington D.C.
- Monetary unit: Dollar
- The president is elected for a four-year term and may be reelected only once.
- The bicameral Congress consists of the 100-member Senate, elected to a six-year term with one-third of the seats becoming vacant every two years, and the 435-member House of Representatives, elected every two years.
- The minimum voting age is 18.

